medparasitologyМедицинская паразитология и паразитарные болезниMedical Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases0025-83262713-1777Научно-образовательный паразитологический центр им. П.Г. Сергиева10.33092/0025-8326mp2025.2.36-44medparasitology-139Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSПротивораковая активность простейшего Trypanosoma cruziAnticancer activity of the protozoan Trypanosoma cruziХохловаО. А.KhokhlovaO. A.

Москва

Moscow

ГончаровД. Б.GoncharovD. B.

Москва

Moscow

СантушХелена Люсия КарнейруSantosHelena Lucia Carneiro

Рио-де-Жанейро

Rio de Janeiro

Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение "Национальный исследовательский центр эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени почетного академика Н.Ф.Гамалеи" Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияState Budgetary Institute "National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after honorary academician N.F. Gamalei" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationRussian FederationИнститут Oswaldo Cruz/ FIOCRUZБразилияThe Inctitute Oswaldo Cruz/ FIOCRUZ InstituteBrazil202501072026023644Copyright © Научно-образовательный паразитологический центр им. П.Г. Сергиева, 20262026Научно-образовательный паразитологический центр им. П.Г. СергиеваНаучно-образовательный паразитологический центр им. П.Г. Сергиеваhttps://www.medparasitology.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.medparasitology.com/jour/article/view/139

Заболеваемость онкологическими заболеваниями людей растет во всем мире. Современные методы позволяют вылечивать онкологических больных на ранних стадиях заболевания, но плохо помогают пациентам с метастазами в другие органы. Поэтому синтез новых и поиск природных препаратов для остановки прогрессии злокачественных опухолей очень актуален. Советские ученые еще в 1929 г. показали, что круцин (замороженные/оттаянные эпимастиготы T. cruzi) имел противоопухолевую и антиметастатическую активности.

Обзор посвящен современным воззрениям на природу данного феномена. Выяснилось, что взаимодействие паразита, хозяина и раковых клеток включает в себя ряд механизмов, зависящих от типа опухоли, вирулентности и других характеристик конкретного штамма T. cruzi, иммуногенности паразитов или их лизата, вариантов стимуляции иммунного ответа, а также наличия белков или ферментов, обеспечивающих избирательную инвазию и разрушение аномальных клеток трипаносомами. Согласно предположению, некоторые гликопротеины поверхностной мембраны метациклических трипомастигот, такие, как Gp82, могут понижать уровень аутофагии метастатических клеток и приводить их к гибели. А уникальный фермент паразита транс-сиалидаза и его поверхностные муцины способны уменьшать сиалирование опухолевых клеток, которые становятся доступными для Т-лимфоцитов и естественных киллеров (NK), разрушающих метастазы.

Будущие исследования должны быть направлены на достижение более точного понимания действующих молекулярных и клеточных механизмов влияния лизатов T.cruzi на раковые клетки. Их цель - использование противоопухолевого потенциала круцина в инновационной терапии онкологических больных с дистальными метастазами.

The incidence of cancer among people is increasing worldwide. Modern methods make it possible to cure cancer patients in the early stages of the disease, but they do not help patients with metastases to other organs. Therefore, the synthesis of new medicine and the search for natural drugs to stop the progression of malignant tumors is very relevant. Back in 1929, Soviet scientists showed that crucin (frozen/thawed T. cruzi epimastig-otes) had antitumor and antimetastatic activity.

The review is devoted to modern views on the nature of this phenomenon. It turned out that the interaction of the parasite, host and cancer cells includes a number of mechanisms depending on the type of tumor, virulence and other characteristics of a particular strain of T. cruzi, the immunogenicity of parasites or their lysate, op-tions for stimulating the immune response, as well as the presence of proteins or enzymes that ensure selective invasion and destruction of abnormal cells by trypanosomes. According to the assumption, some glycoproteins of the surface membrane of metacyclic trypomastigotes, such as Gp82, can lower the level of autophagy of met-astatic cells and lead to their death. And the unique enzyme of the parasite trans-sialidase and its surface mucins are able to reduce the sialylation of tumor cells, which become available to T-lymphocytes and natural killer cells (NK) that destroy metastases.

Future research should aim to achieve a more accurate understanding of the active molecular and cellular mechanisms of the effect of T. cruzi lysates on cancer cells. Their goal is to use the antitumor potential of crucin in innovative therapy of cancer patients with distal metastases.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.