medparasitologyМедицинская паразитология и паразитарные болезниMedical Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases0025-83262713-1777Научно-образовательный паразитологический центр им. П.Г. Сергиева10.33092/0025-8326mp2025.4.52-65medparasitology-30Research ArticleОБЗОРREVIEWРезистентность к инсектицидам у инвазионных видов комаров рода Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae) (обзор)Insecticide resistance in invasive mosquito species of the genus Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae) (review)ЛопатинаЮ. В.LopatinaYu. V.

Москва

Moscow

УшаковаЕ. В.UshakovaE. V.

Москва

Moscow

ДеминаЮ. В.DeminaYu. V.

Москва

Moscow

Институт дезинфектологии ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора; ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова»РоссияInstitute of Disinfectology of the Federal Research Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing; Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian FederationИнститут дезинфектологии ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» РоспотребнадзораРоссияInstitute of Disinfectology of the Federal Research Center of Hygiene named after F. F. Erisman of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human WellbeingRussian FederationИнститут дезинфектологии ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора; ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава РоссииРоссияInstitute of Disinfectology of the Federal Research Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing; Russian Medical Academy of continuing professional education of the Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationRussian Federation202522042026045265Copyright © Научно-образовательный паразитологический центр им. П.Г. Сергиева, 20262026Научно-образовательный паразитологический центр им. П.Г. СергиеваНаучно-образовательный паразитологический центр им. П.Г. Сергиеваhttps://www.medparasitology.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.medparasitology.com/jour/article/view/30

Обзор посвящен инвазионным видам кровососущих комаров рода Aedes (Ae. albopictus, Ae. aegypti, Ae. koreicus), зарегистрированным на Черноморском побережье Российской Федерации. Основное внимание уделено видам Ae. albopictus и Ae. aegypti, имеющим существенное эпидемиологическое значение, в первую очередь, как переносчики трансмиссивных арбовирусных болезней. Основная стратегия контроля численности кровососущих комаров – применение веществ из разных химических групп, обладающих инсектицидной активностью, главным образом пиретроидов, фосфорорганических соединений (ФОС) и карбаматов (сложных эфиров карбаминовой кислоты). Длительное применение пестицидов с одинаковым механизмом действия на членистоногих неминуемо приводит к формированию у них резистентности, базирующейся на специфических и неспецифических механизмах. В современных условиях проблема устойчивости комаров к инсектицидам носит глобальный характер. Проанализированы данные литературы, посвященной механизмам резистентности к разным группам инсектицидов на молекулярном уровне у комаров Ae. albopictus и Ae. aegypti. В частности, приведены сведения об известных: 1) kdr-мутациях, приводящих к аминокислотным заменам в потенциал-зависимых натриевых каналах, на которые действуют пиретроиды и ДДТ; 2) rdl-мутациях, обуславливающих изменения рецепторов ГАМК и как следствие устойчивость к фенилпиразолам и ряду хлорорганических соединений (ХОС); 3) ace-мутациях, обеспечивающих снижение чувствительности к инсектицидам активного центра ацетилхолинэстеразы – мишени действия ФОС. У резистентных особей показано также наличие неспецифических механизмов резистентности – увеличение активности ферментных систем, участвующих в детоксикации ксенобиотиков. Представлены данные о встречаемости kdr-мутаций у комаров в разных странах. Отмечено, что в России на территории Краснодарского края популяции комаров Ae. albopictus сохраняют чувствительность к инсектицидам из группы пиретроидов. Стратегия контроля численности инвазионных видов кровососущих комаров в обязательном порядке должна включать в себя мониторинг их резистентности к инсектицидам, который позволит в случае эпидемиологической угрозы своевременно выбрать эффективную тактику борьбы.

The review is devoted to invasive species of mosquitoes of the genus Aedes (Ae. albopictus, Ae. aegypti, Ae. koreicus) registered on the Black Sea coast of the Russian Federation. The main attention paid to Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti mosquitoes, having significant epidemiological importance, primarily as vectors of arboviral diseases. The main strategy for controlling the number of mosquitoes is the use of substances from different chemical groups with insecticidal activity, mainly pyrethroids, organophosphates (OP) and carbamates. Long-term use of pesticides with the same mechanism of action inevitably leads to the formation of resistance in arthropods based on specific and nonspecific mechanisms. In modern conditions, the problem of mosquito resistance to insecticides has a global character. We analyzed literature data on the mechanisms of resistance to different groups of insecticides at the molecular level in Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. In particular, information is provided on the known: 1) kdr mutations leading to amino acid substitutions in voltage-sensitive sodium channels affected by pyrethroids and DDT; 2) rdl-mutations causing changes in GABA receptors and, as a consequence, resistance to phenylpyrazoles and a number of organochlorine compounds; 3) ace-mutations that reduce the sensitivity of the active center of acetylcholinesterase to ОP. The presence of nonspecific mechanisms of resistance, i.e. increase in the activity of enzyme systems involved in detoxification of xenobiotics, has also been shown in resistant individuals. Data on the occurrence of kdr-mutations in mosquitoes in different countries presented. It is noted that in Russia in Krasnodar region, populations of Ae. albopictus mosquitoes remain susceptible to pyrethroid insecticides. The strategy of controlling the number of invasive species of mosquitoes should include monitoring of their resistance to insecticides, which will allow timely selection of effective control tactics in case of epidemiological threat.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.