Development and improvement of modern methods of diagnostics of infectious and parasitic diseases remains one of the most priority directions of medical science development in modern conditions. The situation is complicated by the emergence of treatment and prevention institutions in the field of parasitology, practicing diagnostic methods with unproven effectiveness, such as diagnosis by Dr. Voll, iridodiagnostics, bioresonance diagnostics, etc., leading to incorrect diagnosis and, consequently, ineffective treatment. This study is devoted to assess the clinical relevance of such methods, current status and possible future directions. 3254 outpatient parasitological admission charts from 2016-2024 were analyzed.

The study showed that more than half of the patients (63.2%) who came to the initial parasitologist appointment had previously used methods of diagnosis and treatment of parasitic diseases with unproven efficacy, 56% of these patients developed parasitic phobias and other somatoform disorders.

The clinical relevance of diagnostic and treatment methods with unproven efficacy remains a challenge for the medical community. The consequences of such use may have an impact on the entire system of domestic healthcare, as it is directly related to patient safety, healthcare costs and quality of healthcare delivery.

We have studied the patterns of the malaria epidemic process in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic (KCR), analyzed the species composition and number of carriers in the period from 1922 to the present (100 years). According to the data of the State Archives, relating to 1922, up to several thousand cases of the disease were registered in the republic per year. Local foci of three-day malaria - the causative agent is Plasmodium vivax - and tropical malaria - the causative agent is Plasmodium falciparum were recorded. Malaria carriers in the republic are two species of mosquitoes - An. maculipennis and An. atroparvus.

We have established the unevenness of the malaria epidemiological process in the territory of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic (100 years): three periods including malaria registration (the period with high incidence from 1922 to 1959 - the period duration is 37 years; the period of imported malaria with the absence of local transmission - from 1960 to 1987 (27 years) and the period from 1997 to 2005 - is characterized by the registration of imported malaria and the occurrence of 12 local cases of the disease from imported sources in the city of Cherkessk). Two periods with the absence of malaria: the stage - 1988 to 1996, lasting 8 years and since 2006, the period continuing to the present time (16 years).

Since 2006, there has been no malaria in the republic. In the event of importation of the malaria pathogen, the most likely territory of potential risk of malaria occurrence in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic is the city of Cherkessk.

The data on the species composition of ixodid ticks in the territory of the forest park of the Novosibirsk Scientific Center were obtained. Ticks were collected using the standard method on a flag (5 ten-day periods from May to June) in 2010–2023. Two species of ixodid ticks were found in the collections: Ixodes рavlovskyi Pom., 1946 and Ixodes рersulcatus P Schl., 1930. The data on the seasonal activity of ixodid tick imagoes were obtained. The long-term average abundance of I. рavlovskyi was 21.3 specimens/flag-km. During the period of low abundance, the average value was 12.8 ± 1.7 specimens/flag-km, while during the period of high abundance, this indicator was 32.6 ± 3.2 specimens/flag-km. The long-term average seasonal abundance of I. рersulcatus was 3.0 specimens/flag-km. During the period of low abundance, the average seasonal abundance was 1.4 specimens/flag-km, and during the period of high abundance, 4.7 specimens/flag-km. We also studied the influence of such climatic factors as the sum of active temperatures, the sum of precipitation, and the hydrothermal coefficient during the period of imago activity (May–June) on the number of ticks during periods of low and high abundance. It was found that the limiting factors for the abundance of I. рavlovskyi are the humidity level, and for the abundance of I. рersulcatus, in addition to humidity, the sum of active temperatures is also the limiting factor.

To assess the influence of genetic features associated with the development of arterial hypertension on the reactivity of the hepatobiliary system in opisthorchiasis invasion, a study of biochemical parameters was conducted in subgroups of patients with chronic opisthorchiasis with and without mutations in loci associated with a predisposition to this disease. It was found that the presence of a mutation in the rs1042713 locus of the ADRB2 gene increases deviations in ALP activity from the level of healthy individuals caused by opisthorchiasis invasion and slows down the normalization of ALT activity, but accelerates the decrease in cholesterol levels after treatment. Similar effects on ALP activity and ALT reaction after treatment are exerted by the AGT rs4762 polymorphism. The effect of another polymorphism of the same gene (AGT rs699) in CO seems to be rather positive: lower values of GGT activity and a decrease in ALT activity and cholesterol levels in response to therapy indicate less damage and faster normalization of hepatocyte functions. In the presence of the mutant allele of AGTR1 rs5186, liver dysfunctions in chronic opisthorchiasis are apparently aggravated (ALT activity and bilirubin levels are higher, alkaline phosphatase activity increases after treatment, although the bilirubin level decreases at this stage). The presence of a rare allele in the rs1799983 locus of the NOS3 gene in patients with opisthorchiasis prevents an increase in AM activity, but slows down the normalization of ALT and GGT activity after treatment. The effects of the studied polymorphisms on the process of changing biochemical parameters during therapy do not allow us to draw unambiguous conclusions, but may indicate a predominantly positive effect on the state of the hepatobiliary system in chronic opisthorchiasis of mutations in the AGT rs699 and NOS3 rs1799983 loci, and a predominantly negative effect in the ARDB2 rs1042713, AGT rs4762 and AGTR1 rs5186 loci.

The article discusses the results of a serological survey (ELISA) of the population of the Jeti-Oguz district of the Issyk-Kul region of the Kyrgyz Republic (KR) to identify the level of infection with echinococcosis.

According to the results of serological tests, 112 people (13.25 0.4%) out of 845 had antibodies specific to E. granulosus, and there were also doubtful results, which amounted to 2.24 0.3% (19 people). In the age group 1-14 years there were significantly more seropositive individuals (8.83 1.0; CI 6.9.3-10.7 compared with 15-25 years old (10.7 1.1; CI 8.6 -12.8) (p<0.05). In the age groups of 15-25 years and 26-35 years, no significant differences were found, and between 26-35 and 36-45 years old there was a significant difference in infestation P<0.05 (16.2 1.3; CI 13.7- 18.7 and 20.8 1.4; CI 18.06-23.54).

In this research paper, we describe the results of experiments aimed at determining the insecticidal efficiency of aqueous emulsions of a synthetic pyrethroid with the active substance 5% tetramethrin EC against sheep bloodsuckers of the Melophagus ovinus species in vitro. As a result of the experiments, we found a fairly high efficiency of the insecticide at low concentrations. In addition, when examining the livestock of sheep in the private sector located in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, melophagosis was diagnosed in all animals, which corresponds to 100% extensiveness of the invasion.

The article presents current data on the study of genetic adaptations in the parasite-host system in human malaria. In particular, the work is devoted to the analysis of some epigenetic mechanisms of antigenic variability of plasmodia, that ensure their survival and adaptation in the host organism. Understanding of these mechanisms may provide insights into the development of new strategies for the treatment and prevention of malaria.

The article provides an analysis of modern regulatory regulation of the activities of a parasitologist in a medical organization (within the framework of laboratory diagnostics, and, first of all, patient treatment). It has been established that this issue is practically not covered by the provisions of regulatory legal acts in the Russian Federation, at the same time, parasitologists provide consultations in outpatient settings, and this service is in demand from a market point of view. The regulatory enactment of a procedure for the provision of medical care in parasitology is expected to make it possible to establish the routing and phasing of medical care for patients, and to determine the interaction and detail the work function of a parasitologist in a medical organization.