The first issue of the journal "Medical Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases" was published in 1923 when the primary task of public health in the USSR was to control infectious and parasitic diseases. Among parasitic diseases, malaria had the highest incidence rate. To solve this problem, institutes and anti-malaria stations were established, whose main task was to develop measures to control malaria and other parasitic diseases. The research and practical work of epidemiologists, parasitologists, clinicians, and entomologists required synthesis and exchange of experience. The 1st All-Russian Malaria Congress in 1923 adopted a resolution on the need to publish a special journal on medical parasitology, which was implemented in the autumn of 1923.

Initially, the journal was named "Russian Journal of Tropical Medicine" and was published under the editorship of Professors Evgeny I. Martsinovsky and Konstantin I. Skryabin. The journal's topics included sections: protozoology and protozoal diseases, helminthology and helminthic diseases, entomology and arachnology, biological chemistry and chemotherapy, and hygiene of warm countries. The journal's initial circulation was small — 500 copies. In subsequent years, the journal was published 6 times a year, with a circulation of 800 copies. By 1929, the journal's topics were expanded with four new sections: leprosy, veterinary medicine, hematology, and poisonous animals. Its name was also changed to "Russian Journal of Tropical Medicine, Medical and Veterinary Parasitology". Issue No. 3 of 1929, dedicated to Dengue fever, then endemic in Greece and Turkey, is noteworthy, as the vector of this disease, Ae. aegypti, was present in the southern territories of the USSR. This situation has currently re-emerged in Southern Europe, and Ae. aegypti mosquitoes have been found on the Black Sea coast of Russia.

In 1930, the journal changed its name to "Tropical Medicine and Veterinary Medicine", and since 1932 it has been called "Medical Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases". The Editor-in-Chief of the journal from 1923 to 1934 was E.I. Martsinovsky; his deputies were K.I. Skryabin and P.G. Sergiev. The editorial board included renowned parasitologists, and the editorial council included 12 parasitologists from Perm, Rostov-on-Don, Bukhara, Tiflis, Stalinabad, Odessa, Saratov, Voronezh, Yerevan, Baku, Kharkov, and Astrakhan. After the death of E.I. Martsinovsky in 1934, during 1935, the journal's publication was managed by Professors K.I. Skryabin and Sh.D. Moshkovsky. Since 1936, the responsible editor was P.G. Sergiev. The publication of the journal during the Great Patriotic War deserves special attention. During this difficult time for our country, the journal was published regularly (six issues per year) and continued its informational, scientific, and guiding role for all employees of anti-malaria stations and specialized institutes. In 1942, priority directions were defined for these institutes, including: the Ukrainian Tropical Institute — prevention of helminthic diseases among miners; the Georgian Institute — ancylostomiasis; the Armenian Institute — epidemiology of amoebiasis; the Uzbek Institute — tick-borne relapsing fever; the Tajik Institute — taxonomy of sandflies; the Azerbaijani Institute — human trichostrongyliasis. During 1941-1945, the journal informed its readers of the most significant scientific achievements and successful experiences in combating parasitic diseases, government decrees on the immediate tasks facing parasitologists, printed announcements of upcoming meetings, and the results of annual scientific research plans. In the post-war years, the journal published abstracts of recent foreign publications and bibliographic indexes of literature on various aspects of parasitology published within the country and abroad.

Over the 103 years of the journal's publication, the editors-in-chief have been staff members of the Institute of Medical Parasitology and Tropical Medicine: Evgeny I. Martsinovsky (1923-1934), Academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences Pyotr G. Sergiev (1936 - June 1972); Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences Konstantin P. Chagin (July 1972-1980); from 1981 to 1988, the editor-in-chief was the head of the department of diseases with natural focality at the N.F. Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, Honored Scientist of the RSFSR, Professor Valent V. Kucheruk; then Professor Lev S. Yarotsky (1988-1994); Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor Vladimir P. Sergiev — from 1995 to the present. The executive secretaries of the journal were staff members of the institute: P.P. Popov, A.M. Krantzfeld, Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences V.P. Pod'yapolskaya, Prof. V.P. Derbeneva-Ukhova, Candidates of Medical Sciences V.B. Schensnovich, Z.K. Voronina, A.A. Frolova. Many employees of the E.I. Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology and Tropical Medicine contributed to the journal's longevity: Professors A.N. Alekseev, N.A. Romanenko, E.S. Leikina, N.N. Ozeretskovskaya, N.N. Dukhanina, E.E. Shuikina, V.P. Dremova, M.N. Lebedeva, V.D. Zavoykin, A.M. Baranova, Doctors of Sciences O.G. Poletaeva, L.A. Ganushkina, Candidates of Sciences O.I. Kellina, I.S. Vasilieva, L.V. Fedyanina, who worked for the journal free of charge, solely to help their colleagues in remote regions of the country, as reviewers and scientific editors, and presented articles at editorial board meetings. The articles submitted to the journal contributed (since 2008) to its inclusion in the new edition of the List of Leading Scientific Journals and Publications recommended by the Higher Attestation Commission for publishing the main scientific results of dissertations for the degree of Doctor or Candidate of Sciences.

Since the beginning of 2019, the founder and publisher of the journal "Medical Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases" is LLC MIP "P.G. Sergiev Scientific and Educational Centre of Parasitology" — a private publishing enterprise.

According to Order No. 02-1198 of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation dated December 6, 2022, the working group for the improvement and optimization of the list of peer-reviewed scientific publications approved a methodology for evaluating publications included in the list of peer-reviewed scientific publications for distribution by categories according to their current indicators.

The journal "Medical Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases" entered the list under number 398 and was classified as K1.

The journal is at Level 2 of the Unified State Register of Scientific Publications — the "White List".