The conducted study demonstrates a steady decline in the overall incidence of parasitic diseases in the Russian Federation. Over the period 2010–2025, a decrease was recorded from 289.67 to 126.43 per 100,000 population (a decrease of 56.4%). An analysis of the epidemiological situation showed that children predominate in the structure of cases (82% of the total). The maximum incidence is observed in the 3–6 age group, where rates are 30 times higher than those in adults. Contact helminthiases predominate in the etiological structure (66.4%). Laboratory diagnostics demonstrate a tendency to decrease the volume of parasitological studies annually by an average of 9.7% (from 48.3‰ to 11.6‰). At the same time, an increase in the total infection rate of the population is noted from 10.2‰ to 13.1‰. The volume of sanitary and parasitological samples (SPS) from environmental objects across the Russian Federation remained unchanged from 2010 to 2025, with an average population coverage rate of 11.7 ‰. The proportion of samples not meeting sanitary and hygienic standards decreased more than fourfold (from 0.5% to 0.12%). The most contaminated environmental objects were wastewater and sewage sludge (2.20%) and soil and sand (1.25%). The study results indicate the need to strengthen laboratory diagnostics of parasitic diseases, optimize epidemiological surveillance systems, and intensify preventive measures.

The article analyzes the features of the epidemic season of 2025 in the Kursk region in comparison with long-term data. It was found that an abnormally warm spring, elevated summer temperatures and mild winter months caused significant shifts in the phenology and abundance of ticks. For the first time, single specimens of Haemaphysalis punctata have been recorded in the Kursk region, which may indicate the introduction of the species with migrating birds. The incidence of ixodic tick-borne borreliosis and the incidence of bites was higher than the average annual values of previous years. The volume of acaricide treatments in 2025 remained at a high level with the expansion of treatment areas compared to previous years. The data obtained confirm the crucial role of climatic anomalies in the transformation of population and epidemic dynamics.

The tropical rat mite Ornithonyssus bacoti (Hirst, 1913) (Macronyssidae) and the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer, 1778) (Dermanyssidae) are the main species of parasitic bloodsucking gamasid mites capable of using humans as hosts in urban areas. The peculiarities of occurrence of foci of acute human dermatitis caused by parasitic gamasid mites in 1991-1998 and in 2010-2020 studied comparatively in Moscow. The occurrence of mites in the premises varied in different years, reaching minimum values in the last decade. The results of this study indirectly show a relatively prosperous situation in the city, due to socio-economic factors, in particular, improved population control of synanthropic rodents. For the first time we present data on a case of dermatitis in Moscow caused by the gamasid mite Androlaelaps casalis (Berlese, 1887) (Laelapidae).

Materials and methods. Data from statistical reporting on trichinosis incidence in Primorsky Krai for the period from 1993 to 2024, results of an epidemiological survey of 592 cases. Data on cases of self-infection with trichinosis using V.A. Britov's "remedy". Clinical observations of the treatment of a patient with self-infection with trichinosis.
Research results. Three periods with different patterns were identified in the long-term dynamics of trichinosis incidence. The first period from 1993 to 2003 was of high incidence. The second period from 2003 to 2009 was of an intensive decrease in incidence. The third period from 2009 to 2024 was of a consistently low incidence. High incidence was determined not only by the consumption of wild animal meat, but also by artificial invasions. Prevention of natural types of the epidemic process and counteraction to the use of V.A. Britov led to a consistently low incidence rate. However, cases of self-infection with a live culture of trichinella for the purpose of curing chronic diseases continue to be registered.
Conclusion. Among officially registered cases of trichinosis, self-infection is probably much more common than has been established. Clinical observation indicates a real danger of treating diseases with V.A. Britov's "vaccine".

The role of monitoring canine babesiosis in the epidemiological surveillance of tick-borne infections in specific areas is examined. Dogs' high susceptibility to babesiosis allows them to be used as "biological indicators," first detecting tick activity in urban and natural environments. Tick-borne infections in humans and dogs spread in parallel, with the "canine peak" outpacing that in humans by 7-14 days. The authors compared canine babesiosis statistics, using the Vetgrad Veterinary Clinic (TiNAO) as an example, with Rospotrebnadzor reports on human tick bites over the past five years. It was found that the increase in canine cases, characterized by a pronounced two-wave seasonality, is directly correlated with the frequency of human visits to medical facilities.
The increase in the number of infected animals indicates a high density of infested ticks, which is associated with an increased risk of human infection with tick-borne infections. The tick-borne pathogen Babesia canis is virtually harmless to humans, but it "signals" the presence of infected ticks in the environment.
Detection of Dermacentor reticulatus also indicates the presence of Ixodes ricinus, as their habitat preferences largely overlap in mixed landscapes, creating combined activity centers. The proximity of these species in the same area expands the range of pathogens dangerous to humans, increasing the risk of contracting a wide range of infections. In such mixed zones, both ticks are involved in the circulation of tick-borne encephalitis, borreliosis, anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis, and babesiosis, creating the risk of developing severe "mixed infections."
Veterinary data makes it possible to predict epidemic risks in advance and plan acaricidal treatments, making animal monitoring essential for urban environmental safety.

This article substantiates a differentiated approach to the management of children with detectable commensal protists (Blastocystis spp., Dientamoeba fragilis, Entamoeba coli, Endolimax nana), based on a retrospective analysis of 325 outpatient records of patients aged 1–17 years. The relevance of the study stems from the lack of standardised diagnostic algorithms, which leads either to unwarranted antiparasitic therapy in asymptomatic carriers or to a watchful-waiting approach in symptomatic individuals.
Blastocystis spp. was identified in 54.8% of cases, with mixed infections observed in 31.4% (more frequently in girls, with age peaks at 7–10 and 15–17 years). Gastrointestinal complaints were reported in 76.9% (abdominal pain predominantly associated with Blastocystis spp., and dyspepsia and perianal pruritus with D. fragilis), allergic manifestations in 43.7%, and neurological symptoms in 28.9%. Eosinophilia >8% was recorded in 37.2% (most commonly in D. fragilis – 49.3% – and in mixed infections – 58.8%), dysbiosis in 68.3%, and chronic comorbidities in 71.4%. Prior unjustified therapy (38.5%) proved ineffective in 91.4% of cases, was accompanied by progression of dysbiosis in 71.6%, and by recurrence in 73.8%.
A five-criteria algorithm is proposed, encompassing: presence of symptoms, eosinophil count, pathogen species, status of the intestinal microbiota, and concomitant diseases. It is concluded that antiparasitic agents are indicated not merely on the basis of protist detection, but rather when clinical symptoms, eosinophilia, and microbiota disturbances coexist. Correction of dysbiosis and management of underlying pathology are mandatory in all clinically significant cases.

Mammals and birds are the primary hosts for numerous species of bloodsucking flies (Diptera: Hippoboscidae). These ectoparasites are involved in the circulation of a wide range of pathogens, including bacteria (Borrelia, Bartonella, Rickettsia, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia), protozoa (Trypanosoma, Theileria, Piroplasmida, Haemosporida), and viruses (in particular, West Nile virus). Hippoboscids are obligate ectoparasites, and prolonged exposure to host pathogens has evolved highly effective "natural antibiotics"— antimicrobial peptides (AMPs)—in their bodies. This article summarizes current information on pathogens associated with hippoboscids and substantiates the need for further study of bioecological aspects, including the species composition, distribution, and abundance of bloodsuckers. Laboratory monitoring of this group of insects is important for understanding the mechanisms of preservation and spread of natural focal infections that are dangerous to humans and animals. Attention is also paid to the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) of insects and their activity against antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms.

A case of imported genitourinary schistosomiasis is described. A 23-year-old migrant, a citizen of the Republic of Mali, died at a construction site in Moscow. When during the case in the BSME, the department of forensic histological examination revealed pathomorphological changes in vital organs. The diagnosis was made based on the findings of schistosome eggs in the bladder tissues. A brief review of the literature is given.

This paper presents the results of a helminthological examination of 238 Saanen and Russian White goats of various ages kept on 16 farms in nine urban districts of the Moscow region. The study revealed that helminthiasis was detected in 127 animals, indicating an infestation prevalence of 53.3%. In goats, cestodiasis caused by Moniezia expansa (Rudolphi, 1810) and nematodiasis caused by Haemonchus contortus (Rudolphi, 1810, Cobb, 1898) and Strongyloides papillosus (Wedl, 1856) were diagnosed.