The study showed the continued risk of invasion by strongyloidiasis in the Russian Federation. In the period from 2016 to 2024, 91 cases of the disease were registered in 32 regions of the country (38 %). In 71 % of cases, infection occurred on the territory of the Russian Federation. The incidence rate decreased from 0.012 ⁰/₀₀₀₀ to 0.006 ⁰/₀₀₀₀ during the specified period.

According to the analysis of the cards of the epidemic survey of cases of stron-gyloidiasis (2019-2024), children aged 0-17 years account for 33% of the total number of cases. The average age of patients is 31 years, while there is a slight predominance of males among those infected. Most cases of the disease were registered among citizens of the Russian Federation. More than 73 % of those infected are urban residents. The largest number of cases was recorded among the unemployed population (80 %). Strongyloidiasis was asymptomatic in 22 % of patients. Among the clinical manifestations, abdominal pain of varying intensity, diarrheal syndrome and skin rashes, including itchy exanthema, were observed. In 29 % of cases, infection occurred during trips abroad, most often to endemic countries such as Thailand, Abkhazia, and Vietnam. The main causes of infection are contact with earth or sand.

The sanitary and parasitological study (2010-2024) showed that the causative agents of strongyloidiasis were detected at environmental facilities in 30 regions of the Russian Federation. The most contaminated with eggs and larvae were sewage and sludge residues (0.23 ⁰/₀₀), sewage (0.17 ⁰/₀₀), food products and food raw materials (0.16 ⁰/₀₀), sand and soil (0.15 ⁰/₀₀).

We observed 16 patients aged 16 to 20 years (Iu = 18 years) with hepatic echinococcosis at an early stage of the disease with a cyst diameter from 14 to 38 mm. Along with radiation diagnostic methods, a serological blood test was performed for the presence of specific antibodies to cystic echinococcosis using the Echinococcus-IgG-EIA-BEST diagnostic kits (Novosibirsk, Russia). In the initial study, the ELISA test was positive in 62.5 % of patients. In 37.5 % of cases, a seronegative course of the disease was observed. Upon repeated examination (after 6 months), positive results were registered in 87.5 % of patients. At the same time, in the group of patients who received only conservative antiparasitic therapy, the ratio of positive results was 100%.

Introduction. The search for new antiparasitic and antifungal agents is becoming increasingly relevant due to the widespread occurrence of helminthiasis and invasive mycoses, as well as the increasing resistance of pathogens. Mushrooms of the genus Pleurotus are considered as a promising source of biologically active metabolites.

The aim of the work was to evaluate the spectrum of antifungal activity of metabolites of eight strains of the genus Pleurotus grown in a submerged culture.

Materials and methods. Ethyl acetate extracts of culture liquid and ethanol extracts of mycelium were studied. Antifungal activity was assessed by the diffusion method in relation to ten clinically significant test objects, including pathogens from the priority list of the World Health Organization (Candida albicans, Candidozyma auris, Aspergillus fumigatus and others).

Results. Ethyl acetate extracts of the culture fluid exhibit higher and broader antifungal activity compared to mycelium extracts. The most active strains were Pleurotus ostreatus M-37 and Pleurotus citrinopileatus 1 against critically important pathogens C. albicans, C. auris and A. fumigatus.

Conclusion. The most promising producers of antifungal compounds among the studied strains were P. ostreatus M-37 and P. citrinopileatus 1. The revealed antifungal activity, combined with the known nematocidal properties of oyster mushrooms, allows them to be considered as a universal platform for the search for new remedies against mycoses and parasitoses.

Objectives and tasks of the study: The study conducts a retrospective analysis of scientific publications regarding practical applications of methods for artificial feeding and infection of ixodid ticks.

Materials and Methods. Scientific articles were analyzed from databases such as PubMed, eLIBRARY, Google Scholar, and Scopus, focusing on in vitro methods of artificially infecting ixodid ticks with pathogens causing transmissible diseases. Advantages and limitations of each method are evaluated based on published experimental data and statistics.

Results and Discussion. This paper reviews contemporary laboratory techniques used for infecting ixodid ticks to investigate mechanisms of infectious disease spread. Key approaches include the use of capillaries, membranes, injection, and immersion of ticks into enriched solutions. Strengths and weaknesses of these methodologies are discussed along with their impact on tick viability and possible directions for improving technology. Special emphasis is placed on developments that reduce reliance on animal models while enhancing experimental accuracy.

The relevance of the study is based on the scientific generalization of modern approaches to technological methods for improving parasitological determinations in potentially hazardous materials from the population's habitat and decisions on the modernization of laboratory activities in the parasitological profile as part of the regulatory regulation of biological safety in the Russian Federation.

Materials and methods. An analysis of more than 12 peer-reviewed sources from Russian and foreign scientific research and 10 sources of legal regulation was conducted to review and substantiate the concept of multi-criteria assessment of parasitological safety in the state control system.

Research objective: Analysis of modern technologies for assessing the effectiveness of laboratory research based on multi-criteria PCR analysis in parasitology.

Conclusions. Modern methodological approaches to promising forms of research quality management have been updated based on the development of effective technologies for parasitological control of environmental and public biosecurity in order to achieve the national development goals of the Russian Federation

Congenital toxoplasmosis is a widespread classical intrauterine infection. The transmission of T. gondii to the fetus occurs from a mother who became infected with the parasite during pregnancy. The purpose of the article is once again to draw the attention of obstetricians and gynecologists, neonatologists, pediatricians, parasitologists and other specialists to the problem of congenital toxoplasmosis. The review provides modern ideas about the features and mechanisms of transmission of T. gondii to the fetus during pregnancy; the stages of development of congenital toxoplasmosis and its clinical classification. The severity of clinical symptoms of the disease in the perinatal, neonatal and postnatal periods and treatment tactics of a child with congenital toxoplasmosis are discussed. A detailed analysis is given according to indications for laboratory examination for congenital toxoplasmosis, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the disease, including methods of laboratory diagnosis for the detection of antibodies – immunoglobulins M, G, A. K. T. gondii, DNA of the parasite. The importance of instrumental methods is also characterized: MRI, ultrasound, CT, etc. in confirming the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. It is concluded that it is necessary to familiarize medical workers with the methods of clinical and laboratory diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis, which will help timely detection, therapy and prevention of the disease. The importance of long-term monitoring of T. gondii-infected children is shown.

The review is devoted to invasive species of mosquitoes of the genus Aedes (Ae. albopictus, Ae. aegypti, Ae. koreicus) registered on the Black Sea coast of the Russian Federation. The main attention paid to Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti mosquitoes, having significant epidemiological importance, primarily as vectors of arboviral diseases. The main strategy for controlling the number of mosquitoes is the use of substances from different chemical groups with insecticidal activity, mainly pyrethroids, organophosphates (OP) and carbamates. Long-term use of pesticides with the same mechanism of action inevitably leads to the formation of resistance in arthropods based on specific and nonspecific mechanisms. In modern conditions, the problem of mosquito resistance to insecticides has a global character. We analyzed literature data on the mechanisms of resistance to different groups of insecticides at the molecular level in Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. In particular, information is provided on the known: 1) kdr mutations leading to amino acid substitutions in voltage-sensitive sodium channels affected by pyrethroids and DDT; 2) rdl-mutations causing changes in GABA receptors and, as a consequence, resistance to phenylpyrazoles and a number of organochlorine compounds; 3) ace-mutations that reduce the sensitivity of the active center of acetylcholinesterase to ОP. The presence of nonspecific mechanisms of resistance, i.e. increase in the activity of enzyme systems involved in detoxification of xenobiotics, has also been shown in resistant individuals. Data on the occurrence of kdr-mutations in mosquitoes in different countries presented. It is noted that in Russia in Krasnodar region, populations of Ae. albopictus mosquitoes remain susceptible to pyrethroid insecticides. The strategy of controlling the number of invasive species of mosquitoes should include monitoring of their resistance to insecticides, which will allow timely selection of effective control tactics in case of epidemiological threat.

Dirofilariasis is a zoonotic infestation caused by nematodes Dirofilaria repens and D. immitis, transmitted by mosquitoes. The main reservoir is dogs. In the Russian Federation, data from Rospotrebnadzor (2006-2012) revealed a steady increase in human morbidity (143 cases in 2012 against 84 in 2011). A predominance of urban residents (97 %) and women (76 %) is characteristic. The most common localization of the parasite is the eye (39 %) and the head (19 %). The formation of urban foci is associated with the synanthropic mosquito Culex pipiens and infected dogs. Diagnosis is complicated by the polymorphism of the clinic (in 2012, only 55.6 % of the initial diagnoses were correct). Despite the fact that official registration has been discontinued since 2013, dirofilariasis remains an epidemiologically significant disease in the Russian Federation, requiring increased control of reservoir animals and medical attention.

The purpose of this study: Is to investigate the epidemiological and clinical features of dirofilariasis in the Krasnodar Territory.

Materials and methods: Medical records of the patients, diagnostic tests, and drug therapy were used as research materials.

A case of tropical malaria complicated by acute hepatic and renal insufficiency, severe grade two-stage cytopenia (anemia, thrombocytopenia) is presented. The anuria lasted for two weeks, which required extracorporeal therapy, 6 sessions of hemofiltration and hemodialysis with a PRISMAFLEX device, plasma extraction of 3000 ml and replacement with freshly frozen plasma of 2800 ml and 20 % 200 ml of albumin, 4 transfusions of 500 ml of single-group erythrocyte mass. Etiotropic therapy included the administration of hydroxychloroquine and mefloquine. Isotonic solutions of glucose and saline in a volume of 600-700 ml, the antibiotic ceftriaxone 2.0 g/day, and small doses of furosemide were administered. The disease ended in recovery.

This article is devoted to the formation and development of the Department of Biology and General Genetics at Sechenov University, beginning with the Faculty of Medicine at the Imperial Moscow University. In 1930, the 1st Moscow Medical Institute became an independent university, where the Department of General Biology was established to teach biology to medical students. Throughout its history, the department's scientific interests have evolved from experimental biology under the direction of Zavadovsky, to medical parasitology and helminthology, the development of which was facilitated by Talyzin, Bogoyavlensky, Chebyshev, and, finally, to modern molecular genetics and biomedicine, headed by Shidlovsky. The continuity of traditions demonstrates the department's ability to adapt to the challenges of the times, while maintaining a high level of specialist training and conducting relevant scientific research. The department actively implements modern approaches to teaching; the educational program is focused on in-depth study of molecular biology and meets high international standards. Joining the Institute of Biodesign and Artificial Intelligence in Medicine underscores the department's focus on interdisciplinary research and the use of modern technologies. Work is actively underway to popularize science: organizing student conferences, scientific clubs, public lectures for schoolchildren, and excursions.